Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–associated Meningitis, Southern Spain - Vol. 18 No. 5 - May 2012 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
Dispatch
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–associated Meningitis, Southern Spain
Article Contents
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was detected in 2 patients with acute meningitis in southern Spain within a 3-year period. Although the prevalence of LCMV infection was low (2 [1.3%] of 159 meningitis patients), it represents 2.9% of all pathogens detected. LCMV is a noteworthy agent of neurologic illness in immunocompetent persons.Historically, in Spain, LCMV was detected in 1 person with encephalitis (5) and 4 persons with meningitis (6). A similar virus, characterized as LCMV lineage IV, was identified in rodents (2).
During 2008–2010, a multicenter project was conducted to investigate viral causes of AME in Spain. The following viruses were considered: human enterovirus (HEV), herpesviruses, Toscana virus (TOSV), mumps virus, phleboviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, and adenoviruses. We report 2 LCMV meningitis case-patients who lived 1,200 meters apart within Granada Province in southern Spain.
The Study
CSF and acute-phase serum samples were also tested for IgG and/or IgM against TOSV (EIA Enzywell Toscana virus IgG/IgM, Diesse, Siena, Italy), West Nile virus (ELISA IgG and IgM-capture ELISA; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA, USA), and LCMV by indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) with further confirmation by Western blot (2).
We studied 159 CSF samples by using PCRs for the presence of HEV, HSV, varicella-zoster virus, TOSV, and mumps virus, yielding 68 positive cases. The remaining viruses were further investigated in the 91 negative samples. A viral agent was detected in 70 (44%) cases: HEV accounted for 44 (63%) of positive cases, followed by varicella-zoster virus in 11 (16%), HSV-1 in 8 (11%), TOSV in 4 (6%), LCMV in 2 (3%), and HSV-2 in 1 (1%).
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