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PLoS ONE: A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies UGT1A1 as a Regulator of Serum Cell-Free DNA in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

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PLoS ONE: A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies UGT1A1 as a Regulator of Serum Cell-Free DNA in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study


A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies UGT1A1 as a Regulator of Serum Cell-Free DNA in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study







Juulia Jylhävä1#*, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen2#, Mika Kähönen3, Nina Hutri-Kähönen4, Johannes Kettunen5, Jorma Viikari6, Olli T. Raitakari7,8, Terho Lehtimäki9, Mikko Hurme1,10


1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland, 2 Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland, 3 Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, 5 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 6 Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, 7 Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 8 Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, 9 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, 10 Department of Microbiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland



Abstract Top



Introduction


Circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) is a useful indicator of cell death, and it can also be used to predict outcomes in various clinical disorders. Several innate immune mechanisms are known to be involved in eliminating DNA and chromatin-related material as part of the inhibition of potentially harmful autoimmune responses. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the clearance of circulating cf-DNA is currently unclear.


Methods


To examine the mechanisms controlling serum levels of cf-DNA, we carried out a genome-wide association analysis (GWA) in a cohort of young adults (aged 24–39 years; n = 1841; 1018 women and 823 men) participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Genotyping was performed with a custom-built Illumina Human 670 k BeadChip. The Quant-iTTM high sensitivity DNA assay was used to measure cf-DNA directly from serum.


Results


The results revealed that 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with serum cf-DNA with genome-wide significance (p<5×10−8). All of these significant SNPs were localised to chromosome 2q37, near the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) family locus, and the most significant SNPs localised within the UGT1 polypeptide A1 (UGT1A1) gene region.


Conclusion


The UGT1A1 enzyme catalyses the detoxification of several drugs and the turnover of many xenobiotic and endogenous compounds by glucuronidating its substrates. These data indicate that UGT1A1-associated processes are also involved in the regulation of serum cf-DNA concentrations.

Citation: Jylhävä J, Lyytikäinen L-P, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kettunen J, et al. (2012) A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies UGT1A1 as a Regulator of Serum Cell-Free DNA in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. PLoS ONE 7(4): e35426. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035426
Editor: Marie-Pierre Dubé, Universite de Montreal, Canada
Received: July 5, 2011; Accepted: March 16, 2012; Published: April 12, 2012
Copyright: © 2012 Jylhävä et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The Young Finns Study was financially supported by the Academy of Finland: grants no. 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378 (Salve), 117787 (Gendi), and 41071 (Skidi), the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, the Turku University Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, the Emil Aaltonen Foundation (T.L.), Medical Research Fund of Tampere University Hospital (grant no. 9M048), the Turku University Central Hospital Medical Fund, the Juho Vainio Foundation, and the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: juulia.jylhava@uta.fi

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