Effects of age, sex, and treatment on weight-loss dynamics in overweight people

Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado,^a^,* Pedro J. Benito,^a David Atienza,^b Emiliano Rincón,^b Francisco J. Calderón^a

^aDepartment of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

^bEmbedded Systems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Corresponding author: Miguel Ángel Rojo-Tirado (e-mail: ma.rojo@upm.es).

*on behalf of the PRONAF Study Group

Published on the web 30 April 2013.

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2013, 38(9): 967-976, 10.1139/apnm-2012-0441

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate how sex, age, and the kind of treatment followed affect weight loss in overweight men and women, as well as to develop an explanation for the evolution of weight-loss dynamics. The study consisted of 119 overweight participants (18–50 years old, body mass index >25 and <29 .9="" kg="" m="" sup="">-2

), who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment programs, namely, strength training (n = 30), endurance training (n = 30), a combination of strength training and endurance training (n = 30), and a careful treatment including diet and physical recommendations (n = 29). Each of the training groups exercised 3 times per week for 24 weeks, and their daily diet was restricted to a specific protocol during the testing period and controlled carefully. Body weight changes in the participants were evaluated every 15 days. Based on this study, we developed and validated different sets of equations to accurately capture the weight-loss dynamics. There were no significant differences in terms of global body weight changes from the statistical viewpoint, either regarding the carried out treatment or the individuals’ ages. However, significant differences in weight-loss tendency were found depending on participant sex. We concluded that the effectiveness of different possible treatments for weight loss varies by sex and, based on our experimental observations, a quadratic function provides the most accurate model for capturing specific weight-loss dynamics. This trial is registered at Clinical Trials Gov.: number NCT01116856.

Keywords: body weight, caloric restriction, exercise intervention, functions, weight-loss dynamics

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