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MLPH
On this page:
Reviewed September 2013
What is the official name of the MLPH gene?
The official name of this gene is “melanophilin.”
MLPH is the gene's official symbol. The MLPH gene is also known by other names, listed below.
Read more about gene names and symbols on the About page.
MLPH is the gene's official symbol. The MLPH gene is also known by other names, listed below.
Read more about gene names and symbols on the About page.
What is the normal function of the MLPH gene?
The MLPH gene provides instructions for making a protein called melanophilin. This protein is found in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes, where it helps transport structures called melanosomes. These structures produce a pigment called melanin, which is the substance that gives skin, hair, and eyes their color (pigmentation). Melanophilin interacts with proteins produced from the MYO5A and RAB27A genes to form a complex that transports melanosomes to the outer edges of melanocytes. From there, the melanosomes are transferred to other types of cells, where they provide the pigment needed for normal hair, skin, and eye coloring.
How are changes in the MLPH gene related to health conditions?
- Griscelli syndrome - caused by mutations in the MLPH gene
- At least one mutation in the MLPH gene has been found to cause Griscelli syndrome. This genetic change causes a form of the condition designated type 3, which is characterized by unusually light (hypopigmented) skin and silvery-gray hair. Unlike the other forms of Griscelli syndrome, type 3 does not involve abnormalities of the brain or immune system. The known MLPH gene mutation changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the melanophilin protein. Specifically, it replaces the amino acid arginine with the amino acid tryptophan at protein position 35 (written as Arg35Trp or R35W). This mutation reduces the amount of melanophilin produced; the small amount of protein that is produced is unable to form a complex with the proteins made from the MYO5A and RAB27A genes. Without this complex, melanosomes cannot be transported to the edges of melanocytes. Instead, they clump near the center of melanocytes, trapping melanin within these cells and preventing normal pigmentation of skin and hair.
Where is the MLPH gene located?
Cytogenetic Location: 2q37.3
Molecular Location on chromosome 2: base pairs 238,395,052 to 238,463,960
The MLPH gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at position 37.3.
More precisely, the MLPH gene is located from base pair 238,395,052 to base pair 238,463,960 on chromosome 2.
See How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? in the Handbook.
Molecular Location on chromosome 2: base pairs 238,395,052 to 238,463,960
More precisely, the MLPH gene is located from base pair 238,395,052 to base pair 238,463,960 on chromosome 2.
See How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? in the Handbook.
Where can I find additional information about MLPH?
You and your healthcare professional may find the following resources about MLPH helpful.
- Educational resources - Information pages
PubMed - Recent literatureOMIM - Genetic disorder catalog- Research Resources - Tools for researchers (3 links)
What other names do people use for the MLPH gene or gene products?
- exophilin-3
- l(1)-3Rk
- l1Rk3
- MELPH_HUMAN
- SLAC2-A
- Slac-2a
- slp homolog lacking C2 domains a
- synaptotagmin-like protein 2a
See How are genetic conditions and genes named? in the Handbook.
Where can I find general information about genes?
The Handbook provides basic information about genetics in clear language.
- What is DNA?
- What is a gene?
- How do genes direct the production of proteins?
- How can gene mutations affect health and development?
What glossary definitions help with understanding MLPH?
amino acid ; gene ; immune system ; melanin ; melanocytes ; mutation ; pigment ; pigmentation ; protein ; syndrome
You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary.
See also Understanding Medical Terminology.
You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary.
See also Understanding Medical Terminology.
References (6 links)
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified healthcare professional. See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook.
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