sábado, 20 de diciembre de 2014

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 3 in Long-Horned Ankole Calf, Uganda - Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

full-text ►

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 3 in Long-Horned Ankole Calf, Uganda - Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC



EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES



Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015

Dispatch

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 3 in Long-Horned Ankole Calf, Uganda

Moses Tefula Dhikusooka, Kirsten Tjørnehøj, Chrisostom Ayebazibwe, Alice Namatovu, Simon Ruhweza, Hans Redlef Siegismund, Sabenzia Nabalayo Wekesa, Preben Normann, and Graham J. BelshamComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda (M.T. Dhikusooka, C. Ayebazibwe, A. Namatovu, S. Ruhweza)Technical University of Denmark, Kalvehave, Denmark (K. Tjørnehøj, P. Normann, G.J. Belsham)Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda (A. Namatovu, S.N. Wekesa)University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.R. Siegismund)Ministry of Livestock Development, Nairobi, Kenya (S.N. Wekesa)

Abstract

After a 16-year interval, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 3 was isolated in 2013 from an apparently healthy long-horned Ankole calf that grazed close to buffalo in Uganda. The emergent virus strain is ≈20% different in nucleotide sequence (encoding VP1 [viral protein 1]) from its closest relatives isolated previously from buffalo in Uganda.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most economically important diseases of livestock, costing ≈US $10 billion annually (1). Outbreaks occur in many countries, and normally disease-free countries can incur huge costs after incursions (e.g., the United Kingdom in 2001). The disease results from infection with FMD virus (FMDV, the prototypic aphthovirus within the Picornaviridae family) (2). Seven serotypes of FMDV are known; serotypes O and A are widely distributed, and the Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes (1, 2, and 3) usually are restricted to Africa. Serotype Asia 1 has never circulated within Africa; serotype C has not been identified anywhere since 2005 (2,3). SAT 3 FMDV is the least well–characterized serotype; the most recent incidence of SAT 3 reported by the FMD World Reference Laboratory (Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK) was in buffalo within the Kruger National Park (South Africa) in 2006. In contrast, SAT 1 and SAT 2 FMDVs are much more common; a major incursion of SAT 2 into the Middle East occurred in 2012 (4), and outbreaks caused by these serotypes have occurred in many African countries (http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd_genotyping/2013.htm).
In Uganda, FMD is endemic, and serotypes O and SAT 2 are the most common. In Uganda, SAT 3 FMDV was most recently identified in 1997 in buffalo in the Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) (5). SAT 1 and SAT 2 viruses were isolated from buffalo in QENP in 2006, and serologic test results indicated the presence of antibodies against SAT 3 virus; however, because cross-reactivity between serotypes occurs in these assays, this finding was not conclusive (6).
Dr. Dhikusooka is a veterinarian undertaking a PhD at Makerere University, Uganda, in a collaborative research program with the DTU National Veterinary Institute, Denmark. His research interests include epidemiology and dynamics of disease in livestock.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful for excellent technical assistance from Jani Christiansen, Jane Borch, and Inge Nielsen. We also are grateful to Martin Esau and Eugene Arinaitwe for the field work.
We thank the Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries and the supervisory boards at Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, for the support given to work on FMD in Uganda. This study was funded by the Danish International Development Agency under the Transboundary Animal Diseases in East Africa Project. The authors have no competing interests.
The work presented here is part of a study clarifying the role played by cattle in maintaining the spread of FMDV in Uganda.

References

  1. Knight-Jones TJRushton JThe economic impacts of foot and mouth disease—what are they, how big are they and where do they occur? Prev Vet Med2013;112:16173DOIPubMed
  2. Jamal SMBelsham GJFoot and mouth disease; past, present and future. Vet Res2013;44:116DOIPubMed
  3. Sangula AKSiegismund HRBelsham GJBalinda SNMasembe CMuwanika VBLow diversity of foot-and-mouth disease serotype C virus in Kenya: evidence for probable vaccine strain re-introductions in the field. Epidemiol Infect2011;139:18996DOIPubMed
  4. Ahmed HASalem SAHabashi ARArafa AAAggour MGSalem GHEmergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 2 in Egypt during 2012.Transbound Emerg Dis2012;59:47681DOIPubMed
  5. Bastos ADAnderson ECBengis RGKeet DFWinterbach HKThomson GRMolecular epidemiology of SAT3-type foot-and-mouth disease. Virus Genes2003;27:28390DOIPubMed
  6. Ayebazibwe CMwiine FNTjornehoj KBalinda SNMuwanika VBAdemun Okurut ARThe role of African buffalos (Syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda. BMC Vet Res2010;6:54DOIPubMed
  7. Callahan JDBrown FOsorio FASur JHKramer ELong GWUse of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:163642DOIPubMed
  8. Stenfeldt CLohse LBelsham GJThe comparative utility of oral swabs and probang samples for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in cattle and pigs. Vet Microbiol2013;162:3307DOIPubMed
  9. Alexandersen SZhang ZDonaldson AIGarland AJThe pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. J Comp Pathol2003;129:136.DOIPubMed
  10. Tamura KPeterson DPeterson NStecher GNei MKumar SMEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol2011;28:27319DOIPubMed
  11. Bastos ADDetection and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sub-Saharan Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res1998;65:3747.PubMed
  12. Samuel ARKnowles NJFoot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes). J Gen Virol2001;82:60921 .PubMed
  13. Carrillo CTulman ERDelhon GLu ZCarreno AVagnozzi AComparative genomics of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol2005;79:6487504.DOIPubMed

Figures

Tables

Suggested citation for this article: Dhikusooka MT, Tjørnehøj K, Ayebazibwe C, Namatovu A, Ruhweza S, Siegismund HR, et al. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 3 in long-horned Ankole calf, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2015 Jan [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2101.140995
DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.140995

No hay comentarios:

Publicar un comentario