Resistance to cancer chemotherapy: failure in drug response from ADME to P-gp

Khalid O Alfarouk¹^*, Christian-Martin Stock², Sophie Taylor³, Megan Walsh³, Abdel Khalig Muddathir⁴, Daniel Verduzco⁵, Adil H H Bashir¹, Osama Y Mohammed⁶, Gamal O Elhassan⁷⁸, Salvador Harguindey⁹, Stephan J Reshkin¹⁰, Muntaser E Ibrahim¹ and Cyril Rauch³

*Corresponding author: Khalid O Alfarouk Alfarouk@Hala-Alfarouk.org

Author Affiliations

¹Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

²University of Münster, Münster, Germany

³School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

⁴Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

⁵H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA

⁶King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

⁷Uneizah Pharmacy College, Qassim University, AL-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

⁸Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan

⁹Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, Vitoria, Spain

¹⁰Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

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Cancer Cell International 2015, 15:71 doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0221-1

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at:http://www.cancerci.com/content/15/1/71

Received:	26 January 2015
Accepted:	30 June 2015
Published:	15 July 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Abstract

Cancer chemotherapy resistance (MDR) is the innate and/or acquired ability of cancer cells to evade the effects of chemotherapeutics and is one of the most pressing major dilemmas in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy resistance can arise due to several host or tumor-related factors. However, most current research is focused on tumor-specific factors and specifically genes that handle expression of pumps that efflux accumulated drugs inside malignantly transformed types of cells. In this work, we suggest a wider and alternative perspective that sets the stage for a future platform in modifying drug resistance with respect to the treatment of cancer.

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