03/31/2016 04:15 PM EDT
03/31/2016 04:15 PM EDT
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When you are ready to have your baby, you'll go through labor. Contractions let you know labor is starting. When contractions are five minutes apart, your body is ready to push the baby out.
During the first stage of labor, your cervix slowly opens, or dilates, to about 4 inches wide. At the same time, it becomes thinner. This is called effacement. You shouldn't push until your uterus is fully effaced and dilated. When it is, the baby delivery stage starts. Crowning is when your baby's scalp comes into view. Shortly afterward, your baby is born. The placenta that nourished the baby follows.
Mothers and babies are monitored closely during labor. Most women are healthy enough to have a baby through normal vaginal delivery, meaning that the baby comes down the birth canal without surgery. If there are complications, the baby may need to be delivered surgically by a Cesarean section.
Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health
- Labor and Birth (Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health)Available in Spanish
- Routine Vaginal Delivery (American Academy of Pediatrics)Available in Spanish
- Stages of Labor (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)Available in Spanish
- What Is Labor?
(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)Available in Spanish - What Role Does Obstetrical Care Play in Childbirth? (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)
- More U.S. Women Delivering Babies At Home or Birth Centers (03/24/2016, HealthDay)
- Repeat C-Section May Have No Long-Term Health Risk for Baby (03/15/2016, HealthDay)
- Inducing Labor May Not Boost C-Section Risk (03/02/2016, HealthDay)
- More News on Childbirth
- Contractions (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)
- Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring during Labor (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDFAvailable in Spanish
- How to Tell When Labor Begins (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDF
- Signs of Labor (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)
- Water Breaking: Understand This Sign of Labor (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Dealing with Pain during Childbirth (Nemours Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Medications for Pain Relief during Labor and Delivery (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDF
- Natural Relief for Labor Pain (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)
- Apgar Scores (American Academy of Pediatrics)Available in Spanish
- Birth Plans (Nemours Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Birthing Centers and Hospital Maternity Services (Nemours Foundation)
- Birthing Classes (Nemours Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Cord-Blood Banking (Nemours Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Elective Deliveries Before 39 Weeks of Pregnancy: Information for Moms to Be (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)
- Elective Delivery Before 39 Weeks (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDF
- Information for Moms-to-Be about the New Full-Term Pregnancy Definition (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)
- Let Baby Set the Delivery Date: Wait Until 39 Weeks if You Can (National Institutes of Health)
- Midwives (Nemours Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Perineal Massage in Pregnancy (American College of Nurse-Midwives) - PDF
- What Is Full Term? (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)
- What to Take to the Hospital (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Back Labor: Childbirth Myth or Reality? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Episiotomy: When It's Needed, When It's Not (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Home Birth: Know the Pros and Cons (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Labor Induction (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDF
- MedlinePlus: Cesarean Section (National Library of Medicine)Available in Spanish
- Natural Childbirth (Nemours Foundation)Available in Spanish
- Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery: Deciding on a Trial of Labor After a Cesarean Delivery (TOLAC) (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDFAvailable in Spanish
- Epidural - slideshow Available in Spanish
- Episiotomy - slideshow Available in Spanish
- Vaginal birth - slideshow Available in Spanish
- At Least 39 Weeks
(March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation) - Labor and Delivery: At the Hospital (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)
Your Recovery After Vaginal Birth - Part 1 (Healthy Roads Media)- Your Recovery After Vaginal Birth - Part 2 (Healthy Roads Media)
- FastStats: Births -- Method of Delivery (National Center for Health Statistics)
- FastStats: Obstetrical Procedures (National Center for Health Statistics)
- Home Births in the United States, 1990-2009 (National Center for Health Statistics)
- PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)
- Recent Declines in Induction of Labor by Gestational Age (National Center for Health Statistics)
- Trends in Out-of-Hospital Births in the United States, 1990-2012 (National Center for Health Statistics)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Delivery, Obstetric (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Labor, Obstetric (National Institutes of Health)
- womenshealth.gov (Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health)Available in Spanish
- After vaginal delivery - in the hospital Available in Spanish
- Am I in labor? Available in Spanish
- Assisted delivery with forceps Available in Spanish
- Creating a birth plan Available in Spanish
- Delivery presentations Available in Spanish
- Delivery presentations Available in Spanish
- Epidural block Available in Spanish
- Episiotomy Available in Spanish
- Premature rupture of membranes Available in Spanish
- Spinal and epidural anesthesia Available in Spanish
- Vaginal birth after C-section Available in Spanish
- Vaginal delivery - discharge Available in Spanish
- What you should bring to your labor and delivery Available in Spanish
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