lunes, 31 de enero de 2011

Study finds no evidence black cohosh damages liver: MedlinePlus



Study finds no evidence black cohosh damages liver

URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_108256.html(*this news item will not be available after 04/28/2011)

Friday, January 28, 2011
Related MedlinePlus Pages

Herbal Medicine
Liver Diseases
Menopause
By Amy Norton

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Despite reports of liver damage in some women using black cohosh to ease menopause symptoms, clinical trials testing one major brand of this herb have so far found no evidence that it is to blame, according to a research review.

Extracts of black cohosh, a plant native to North America, are marketed as a "natural" form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and are most commonly used to treat hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause.

Studies so far have come to conflicting conclusions about whether black cohosh works.

There have also been concerns raised about its safety. Reports of liver inflammation and liver failure in a small number of black cohosh users prompted some countries, like Australia and the UK, to require warning labels on the products.

But it has never been clear that black cohosh was to blame for those cases of liver damage. In most cases, doctors were unable to account for the patients' drinking habits or use of medications that can harm the liver.

And many postmenopausal women who are plagued by hot flashes and night sweats prefer to try black cohosh instead of taking hormones. Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, has been controversial since 2002, when the Women's Health Initiative, a massive government-sponsored clinical trial, found that women on HRT had higher rates of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer and blood clots than placebo users.

Experts now advise that while HRT is effective for menopausal symptoms, women should take the lowest possible dose for the shortest time possible.

For the new study, reported in the journal Menopause, researchers combined the results of five previously published clinical trials of the black cohosh product Remifemin. Together, the studies involved more than 1,100 women who used either this black cohosh product or a comparison substance -- either an inactive placebo or a hormonal medication called tibolone -- for three to six months.

Overall, the researchers found, 88 women dropped out of the studies, but none did so because of abnormal liver enzymes, a potential sign of liver damage.

And there was no evidence that black cohosh triggered harmful changes in liver enzymes. In both the black cohosh and comparison groups, about 5 percent of women developed abnormally high levels of a liver enzyme known as AST.

On the other hand, of 37 black cohosh users who had abnormally high AST levels before treatment, 62 percent saw those levels drop back into the normal range during therapy.

The study was led by Dr. Belal Naser of Salzgitter, Germany-based Schaper & Brummer GmbH & Co., which manufactures Remifemin.

But an expert not involved in the study said the findings are consistent with other evidence that black cohosh is safe for the liver.

Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a professor at the University of Illinois College of Pharmacy in Chicago, was part of a 2009 clinical trial that tested black cohosh against a placebo, standard hormone replacement and red clover -- another alternative therapy for menopause symptoms.

They found that over one year, black cohosh was no better than the placebo for easing hot flashes and night sweats.

But there was also no evidence that the herb harmed women's liver function.

"Although black cohosh did not prevent hot flashes in menopausal women in our study, we found that black cohosh was safe," van Breemen told Reuters Health in an email. "In particular, we tested for liver damage in our study and found that black cohosh was not hepatotoxic (toxic to the liver)."

That trial, which was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, was not included in the current analysis -- which focused only on trials of Remifemin.

That narrow focus, van Breemen noted, is a weakness of the study.

Still, he said, "the conclusion...that black cohosh does not cause liver damage is consistent with the results of our investigation and many other clinical trials."

In general, experts do advise that women stop using black cohosh and tell their doctor if they develop any potential signs of liver toxicity, including abdominal pain, dark urine or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes).

Three months worth of Remifemin tablets costs about $30 in the U.S. -- roughly the same as Premarin, a widely used hormone replacement drug.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/gANnQZ Menopause, online January 11, 2011.
Reuters Health
(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2011. Check for restrictions at: http://about.reuters.com/fulllegal.asp
Study finds no evidence black cohosh damages liver: MedlinePlus

Starting HRT early raises breast cancer risk: study: MedlinePlus



Starting HRT early raises breast cancer risk: study

URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_108252.html(*this news item will not be available after 04/28/2011)

Friday, January 28, 2011
Related MedlinePlus Pages

Breast Cancer
Hormone Replacement Therapy
By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Editor

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Women who start hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as they begin to go through menopause have a higher risk of breast cancer than women who start taking the drugs later, researchers reported on Friday.

The findings, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, help answer lingering questions about just who is and who is not at greater risk of side-effects from taking HRT.

The study of more than 1 million British women showed that those who waited five years or more to take HRT had little or no increased risk of breast cancer. But those who started it as they entered menopause had a 43 percent higher risk.

"In this large study, we found greater risks of breast cancer if hormonal therapy use began either before or soon after menopause than after a longer gap," Dr. Valerie Beral of Britain's Oxford University and colleagues wrote.

"And this pattern of risk was seen across different types of hormonal therapy, among women who used hormonal therapy for either short of long durations, and also in lean and in overweight and obese women."

The findings match those of the U.S.-based Women's Health Initiative, which found women who took HRT right at menopause had a 41 percent higher risk of breast cancer than those who waited, said Dr. Rowan Chlebowski of the Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Garnet Anderson of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.

But, in a commentary on the findings, Chlebowski and Anderson pointed out that the opposite is true of heart disease -- women who start HRT earlier have a lower risk than women who start later.

Before 2002, doctors widely prescribed hormone replacement therapy to lower the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis, both of which go up sharply after menopause, as well as annoying symptoms such as hot flashes.

But the Women's Health Initiative study found HRT raised the risk of heart disease, stroke and breast cancer. Sales of HRT plummeted, especially Wyeth's estrogen-progestin Prempro pills, which have fallen by about 50 percent since 2001 to around $1 billion a year. Wyeth is now owned by Pfizer.

In 2001, more than 16 million U.S. women took some form of HRT pill, but by 2009 only 6 million did.

Doctors noted that the Women's Health Initiative study involved women whose average age was 63, who took relatively high-dose Prempro pills and who were mostly overweight.

No one was sure what would happen for younger, healthier women taking different formulations.

Beral's team confirmed that no matter which formulation, younger women using HRT raised their risk of breast cancer, but this risk disappeared almost as soon as they stopped.

The overall risk of breast cancer remains low in either group -- less than 1 percent a year.

Other studies have also shown that breast cancer rates fell as soon as women stopped using HRT. A study from Canada last September found breast cancer rates among older women fell 10 percent after 2002.

Chelbowski's team reported last October that women who took hormone replacement pills had more advanced breast cancers and were more likely to die from them than women who took a dummy pill.

(Editing by Paul Simao)

Reuters Health
(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2011. Check for restrictions at: http://about.reuters.com/fulllegal.asp
Starting HRT early raises breast cancer risk: study: MedlinePlus

Psychopaths' Lack of Empathy Mimics Brain Injury: Research: MedlinePlus



Psychopaths' Lack of Empathy Mimics Brain Injury: Research
Treatment for frontal lobe damage may also help those with personality disorder


URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_108228.html(*this news item will not be available after 04/28/2011)

By Robert Preidt
Friday, January 28, 2011

Related MedlinePlus Page

Personality Disorders


FRIDAY, Jan. 28 (HealthDay News) -- People who have suffered a frontal brain injury have been known to have difficulty showing empathy, and new research shows that people diagnosed as psychopathic also have the same emotional deficiency.

The finding suggests that psychopaths may benefit from therapy similar to that used to treat frontal brain injury patients, said the researchers at the University of Haifa in Israel.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by extreme anti-social behavior and intention to harm others. Empathy is the ability to identify and understand another person's feelings and thoughts.

The study included 17 people who had been diagnosed as psychotic and did not have any brain damage, along with 25 patients with a frontal lobe brain injury. All of the participants were tested to determine their ability to show empathy and all of them demonstrated a similar difficulty in this area.

"Seeing as psychopathic behavior is similar to that of a person with brain damage, it could be that it could benefit from similar forms of treatment," study author Dr. Simone Shamay-Tsoory said in a university news release.

SOURCE: University of Haifa, news release, Jan. 25, 2011
HealthDay
Copyright (c) 2011 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
Psychopaths' Lack of Empathy Mimics Brain Injury: Research: MedlinePlus

Exercise Helps Ease Irritable Bowel Symptoms: MedlinePlus



Exercise Helps Ease Irritable Bowel Symptoms
Swedish study finds active group had much less pain and discomfort, compared to control group


URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_108237.html(*this news item will not be available after 04/28/2011)

By Alan Mozes
Friday, January 28, 2011

Related MedlinePlus Pages

Exercise and Physical Fitness
Irritable Bowel Syndrome


FRIDAY, Jan. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Increasing one's physical activity routine can help improve symptoms among irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, Swedish researchers report.

Vigorous activity can also help keep IBS symptoms from worsening among such patients, the researchers said.

The authors noted that IBS is a disease that affects between 10 percent to 15 percent of people around the world, and is typically characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort, constipation, diarrhea and bloating.

The current observations stem from a small study of 102 IBS patients between the ages of 18 and 65.

Over a three-month period, half of the participants maintained their normal lifestyle, while the other half was randomly assigned to increase their physical activity, with a suggested goal of moderate to vigorous activity three to five times per week for 20 to 30 minutes a session. Both groups received telephone support from a physiotherapist.

At the study onset and at the end of the three-month period, the participants ranked their IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, stool difficulties and overall quality of life.

While the group that maintained their normal routine experienced an average 5-point drop in symptoms, those who increased their activity experienced much more dramatic symptom relief (an average 51-point decrease), the researchers noted.

What's more, during the study period only 8 percent of the active group went on to develop worsening symptoms, as compared with nearly one-quarter of the maintenance group.

The Swedish team, led by registered physiotherapist Elisabet Johannesson from the University of Gothenburg, reports their findings online and in an upcoming print issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology.

SOURCE: University of Gothenburg, news release, Jan. 25, 2011
HealthDay
Copyright (c) 2011 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
Exercise Helps Ease Irritable Bowel Symptoms: MedlinePlus

Blood Protein Level May Not Influence Effectiveness of Statins: MedlinePlus



Blood Protein Level May Not Influence Effectiveness of Statins
Study finds benefit not tied to C-reactive protein


URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_108235.html(*this news item will not be available after 04/28/2011)

By Randy Dotinga
Friday, January 28, 2011

Related MedlinePlus Pages

Heart Diseases
Statins


FRIDAY, Jan. 28 (HealthDay News) -- A new study debunks the idea that the cholesterol-fighting drugs known as statins work better in people with high levels of a certain protein and may not work at all in those with low levels.

Researchers found that the drugs work the same -- at least in heart patients, older men with high blood pressure and diabetics -- regardless of the results of a test that looks for concentrations of so-called C-reactive protein.

"The bottom line is, if you have vascular disease or diabetes, you will derive substantial benefit from statin treatment," said Dr. Gregg C. Fonarow, a cardiology professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who was not involved in the research.

However, Fonarow said, the findings do not say whether levels of the protein will affect the effectiveness of the drugs in healthy people.

According to Fonarow, research suggests that statins reduce the risk for heart disease "events" -- such as a heart attack -- by 24 percent to 52 percent. "The cardiovascular benefits of statins extend to men and women, old and young, and even to patients with baseline LDL-cholesterol levels lower than 100 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dcl]," he said. LDL, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is the type that causes plaque to form, narrowing arteries.

Some research has linked levels of C-reactive protein to better or worse effectiveness. In the new study, researchers in the United Kingdom assigned 20,536 men and women at high risk for heart problems to take either the statin Zocor (simvastatin) or a placebo for an average of five years.

The study, published online Jan. 28 in The Lancet, found no link between levels of the protein and benefits from the drug. Even people with low levels of LDL cholesterol and the protein -- those thought to perhaps be immune to the drug's effects -- showed benefits.

In the big picture, Fonarow said, people shouldn't worry about levels of the protein in their bodies.

"Patients interested in their cardiovascular health should be most focused on achieving healthy LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure and body weight levels along with engaging in daily exercise, eating a healthy diet, not smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke," he said.

The study was partially funded by Merck, which makes Zocor.

SOURCES: Gregg C. Fonarow, M.D., professor, cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles; Jan. 28, 2011, The Lancet, online
HealthDay
Copyright (c) 2011 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
Blood Protein Level May Not Influence Effectiveness of Statins: MedlinePlus

USDA and HHS Announce New Dietary Guidelines to Help Americans Make Healthier Food Choices and Confront Obesity Epidemic

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Monday, January 31, 2011
Contact: USDA Office of Communications (202) 720-4623
HHS Press Office (202) 690-6343


USDA and HHS Announce New Dietary Guidelines to Help Americans Make Healthier Food Choices and Confront Obesity Epidemic

WASHINGTON, Jan. 31, 2011 — Agriculture Secretary TomVilsack and Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Kathleen Sebelius today announced the release of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the federal government's evidence-based nutritional guidance to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity through improved nutrition and physical activity.

Because more than one-third of children and more than two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese, the 7th edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans places stronger emphasis on reducing calorie consumption and increasing physical activity.

“The 2010 Dietary Guidelines are being released at a time when the majority of adults and one in three children is overweight or obese and this is a crisis that we can no longer ignore,” said Secretary Vilsack. “These new and improved dietary recommendations give individuals the information to make thoughtful choices of healthier foods in the right portions and to complement those choices with physical activity. The bottom line is that most Americans need to trim our waistlines to reduce the risk of developing diet-related chronic disease. Improving our eating habits is not only good for every individual and family, but also for our country.”

The new 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans focus on balancing calories with physical activity, and encourage Americans to consume more healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and seafood, and to consume less sodium, saturated and trans fats, added sugars, and refined grains.

“Helping Americans incorporate these guidelines into their everyday lives is important to improving the overall health of the American people,” said HHS Secretary Sebelius. “The new Dietary Guidelines provide concrete action steps to help people live healthier, more physically active and longer lives.”

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include 23 Key Recommendations for the general population and six additional Key Recommendations for specific population groups, such as women who are pregnant. Key Recommendations are the most important messages within the Guidelines in terms of their implications for improving public health. The recommendations are intended as an integrated set of advice to achieve an overall healthy eating pattern. To get the full benefit, all Americans should carry out the Dietary Guidelines recommendations in their entirety.

More consumer-friendly advice and tools, including a next generation Food Pyramid, will be released by USDA and HHS in the coming months. Below is a preview of some of the tips that will be provided to help consumers translate the Dietary Guidelines into their everyday lives:

•Enjoy your food, but eat less.
•Avoid oversized portions.
•Make half your plate fruits and vegetables.
•Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk.
•Compare sodium in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals – and choose the foods with lower numbers.
•Drink water instead of sugary drinks.

This edition of the Dietary Guidelines comes at a critical juncture for America’s health and prosperity. By adopting the recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines, Americans can live healthier lives and contribute to a lowering of health-care costs, helping to strengthen America’s long-term economic competitiveness and overall productivity.

USDA and HHS have conducted this latest review of the scientific literature, and have developed and issued the 7th edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in a joint effort that is mandated by Congress. The Guidelines form the basis of nutrition education programs, Federal nutrition assistance programs such as school meals programs and Meals on Wheels programs for seniors, and dietary advice provided by health professionals.

The Dietary Guidelines, based on the most sound scientific information, provide authoritative advice for people 2 years and older about how proper dietary habits can promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases.

The Dietary Guidelines aid policymakers in designing and implementing nutrition-related programs. They also provide education and health professionals, such as nutritionists, dietitians, and health educators with a compilation of the latest science-based recommendations. A table with key consumer behaviors and potential strategies for professionals to use in implementing the Dietary Guidelines is included in the appendix.

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines is available at www.dietaryguidelines.gov.

For more information on dietary guidelines, see www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines and www.healthfinder.gov/prevention

---------------------------------
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice), or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).

USDA and HHS Announce New Dietary Guidelines to Help Americans Make Healthier Food Choices and Confront Obesity Epidemic

WHO | Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children [ENGLISH-SPANISH]

Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children

Authors:
World Health Organization


Publication details
Number of pages: 16
Publication date: 2010
Languages: Currently available in Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. It will soon be published in Arabic.



Downloads
Chinese [pdf 688 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789245500216_chi.pdf

English [pdf 477 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500210_eng.pdf

French [pdf 544 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789242500219_fre.pdf

Russian [429 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789244500217_rus.pdf

Spanish [pdf 597 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789243500218_spa.pdf


Overview

This report contains the set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children, as presented to the Sixty-third World Health Assembly in May 2010, and the resolution which endorsed them (WHA63.14). The document calls for national and international action to reduce the impact on children of marketing of foods high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, free sugars, or salt.

The first part of the document, the set of recommendations, includes a description of the background and process for the development of the recommendations, an evidence section and 12 recommendations structured under five sub-headings: rationale; policy development; policy implementation; policy monitoring and evaluation; and research. The resolution which follows (WHA63.14) contains a preamble and proposed actions for Member States and WHO.
WHO | Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children





Recomendaciones sobre la promoción de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas dirigida a los niños




Autores:
Organización Mundial de la Salud



Detalles de la publicación
Número de páginas: 16
Fecha de publicación: 2010
Idiomas: Chino, español, francés,inglés, ruso





Descargar
Español [pdf 597 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789243500218_spa.pdf

Chino [pdf 688 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789245500216_chi.pdf

Francés [pdf 544 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789242500219_fre.pdf

Inglés [pdf 477 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500210_eng.pdf

Ruso[429 Kb]
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789244500217_rus.pdf

Presentación

El documento refleja el creciente reconocimiento, a lo largo de la última década, de la necesidad de combatir las enfermedades no trasmisibles, que tuvo su máxima expresión en el plan de acción de la estrategia mundial para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no transmisibles (2008-2013), aprobado por la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud en mayo de 2008 (resolución WHA61.14).
Este documento incluye una descripción de los antecedentes y el proceso de elaboración de las recomendaciones, una sección sobre la evidencia disponible y 12 recomendaciones agrupadas en cinco subtítulos: fundamento, formulación de las políticas, aplicación de las políticas, vigilancia y evaluación de las políticas, e investigaciones.

OMS:
OMS | Recomendaciones sobre la promoción de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas dirigida a los niños

SpringerLink - Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Volume 126, Number 1

Epidemiology

Effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs on postmenopausal breast cancer incidence by hormone receptor status: results from a prospective cohort study

Aditya Bardia, Janet E. Olson, Celine M. Vachon, DeAnn Lazovich, Robert A. Vierkant, Alice H. Wang, Paul J. Limburg, Kristin E. Anderson and James R. Cerhan


Download PDF (196.0 KB)View HTML


Abstract

Aspirin and other non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can inhibit aromatase activity and thus could selectively lower incidence of hormone receptor positive tumors. We assessed whether the association of aspirin and other NSAIDs with postmenopausal breast cancer risk differs by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) status of the tumor. A population-based cohort of 26,580 postmenopausal women was linked to a SEER Cancer Registry to identify incident breast cancers. Regular use of aspirin and other NSAIDs was reported on a self-administered questionnaire mailed in 1992. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer incidence overall and by ER and PR status, adjusting for multiple breast cancer risk factors. Through 2005, 1,581 incident breast cancer cases were observed. Compared to aspirin never users, women who regularly consumed aspirin had a lower risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71–0.90), and there was evidence for lower risk with increasing frequency of use (RR = 0.71 for aspirin use 6 or more times/week vs. never use; P trend = 0.00001). Inverse associations for regular aspirin use were observed for ER+ (RR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.67–0.89), ER− (RR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.56–1.08), PR+ (RR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.68–0.92), and PR− (RR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.56–0.95) breast cancers. In contrast, use of other NSAIDs was not associated with breast cancer incidence overall (RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.85–1.07), or by ER or PR status. Aspirin, but not other NSAID use, was associated with about 20% lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and did not vary by ER or PR status of the tumor, suggesting that the hypothesized protective effects of aspirin may either be through cellular pathways independent of estrogen or
progesterone signaling, or on tumor microenvironment.

Keywords Breast cancer – Aspirin – NSAIDs – Hormone receptors – Prevention

Fulltext Preview
SpringerLink - Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Volume 126, Number 1



GINECOLOGÍA
Actualidad Ultimas noticias - JANOes
El acido acetilsalicílico podría reducir un 20% el cáncer de mama en mujeres posmenopáusicas
JANO.es · 31 Enero 2011 00:04

Un estudio analizó la influencia de distintos AINEs sobre el riesgo de desarrollar este tipo de cáncer.



El consumo regular de ácido acetilsalicílico en mujeres posmenopáusicas se asocia con una disminución del 20% en el riesgo de desarrollar un cáncer de mama, según los resultados obtenidos en un estudio realizado por un equipo de científicos del Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, de Baltimore, Estados Unidos, publicado en la revista Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

El estudio se realizó entre 1992 y 2005 en un total de 26.580 mujeres posmenopáusicas de edades comprendidas entre los 59 y 77 años y analizó la influencia del consumo del ácido acetilsalicílico y también de otros antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) sobre el riesgo de este cáncer.

Los resultados indican que las mujeres que tomaban este fármaco regularmente, es decir, entre menos de una vez por semana y más de seis veces a la semana, reducían el riesgo de cáncer de mama en un 20%. Además, los datos apuntan a una relación inversamente proporcional entre la frecuencia de uso del fármaco y el riesgo de tumor.

De hecho, en el grupo que tomaba ácido acetilsalicílico más de seis veces por semana el riesgo resultó ser hasta un 29% inferior comparado con las mujeres que nunca consumían este medicamento. En cuanto a la combinación con otros AINEs, los investigadores observaron una reducción del riesgo si se tomaba ácido acetilsalicílico sólo o en combinación con estos fármacos, pero nunca en mujeres que consumían otros AINEs.

En cuanto al tipo de cáncer, el ácido acetilsalicílico reduce el riesgo en un 23% en los tumores receptores de estrógenos positivos, en un 22% en los receptores de estrógenos negativos, en un 21% en los receptores de progesterona positivos, y en un 27% en los receptores de progesterona negativos.

Según los autores esta investigación sugiere que el uso del ácido acetilsalicílico podría ejercer un efecto "quimiopreventivo" frente al cáncer de mama en mujeres posmenopáusicas, aunque advierten de que "no significa que pueda extrapolarse su consumo diario con este fin".



Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2011; 126:149-155
SpringerLink - Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Volume 126, Number 1

Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins: Baltimore, MD


Actualidad Ultimas noticias - JANOes - El acido acetilsalicilico podria reducir un 20 el cancer de mama en mujeres posmenopausicas - JANO.es - ELSEVIER

HuGENavigator|HuGE Literature Finder|Search (version 2.0) January 2011 [5]



HuGE Navigator (version 2.0)
An integrated, searchable knowledge base of genetic associations and human genome epidemiology.


HuGE Navigator > HuGE Literature Finder Last data upload: 26 Jan 2011.
(Total 57630 articles)

open here to see the articles:
HuGENavigator|HuGE Literature Finder|Search

Recent human evolution has shaped geographical dif... [BMC Genomics. 2011] - PubMed result



BMC Genomics. 2011 Jan 24;12(1):55. [Epub ahead of print]

Recent human evolution has shaped geographical differences in susceptibility to disease.
Marigorta UM, Lao O, Casals F, Calafell F, Morcillo-Suarez C, Faria R, Bosch E, Serra F, Bertranpetit J, Dopazo H, Navarro A.


Abstract

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Searching for associations between genetic variants and complex diseases has been a very active area of research for over two decades. More than 51,000 potential associations have been studied and published, a figure that keeps increasing, especially with the recent explosion of array-based Genome-Wide Association Studies. Even if the number of true associations described so far is high, many of the putative risk variants detected so far have failed to be consistently replicated and are widely considered false positives. Here, we focus on the world-wide patterns of replicability of published association studies.

RESULTS: We report three main findings. First, contrary to previous results, genes associated to complex diseases present lower degrees of genetic differentiation among human populations than average genome-wide levels. Second, also contrary to previous results, the differences in replicability of disease associated-loci between Europeans and East Asians are highly correlated with genetic differentiation between these populations. Finally, highly replicated genes present increased levels of high-frequency derived alleles in European and Asian populations when compared to African populations.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the heterogeneous nature of the genetic etiology of complex disease, confirm the importance of the recent evolutionary history of our species in current patterns of disease susceptibility and could cast doubts on the status as false positives of some associations that have failed to replicate across populations.

PMID: 21261943 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Free Article
Recent human evolution has shaped geographical dif... [BMC Genomics. 2011] - PubMed result

Abstract | Recent human evolution has shaped geographical differences in susceptibility to disease
Abstract | Recent human evolution has shaped geographical differences in susceptibility to disease

Correlated genotypes in friendship networks. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011] - PubMed result



Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]

Correlated genotypes in friendship networks.
Fowler JH, Settle JE, Christakis NA.

Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Political Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.


Abstract

It is well known that humans tend to associate with other humans who have similar characteristics, but it is unclear whether this tendency has consequences for the distribution of genotypes in a population. Although geneticists have shown that populations tend to stratify genetically, this process results from geographic sorting or assortative mating, and it is unknown whether genotypes may be correlated as a consequence of nonreproductive associations or other processes. Here, we study six available genotypes from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test for genetic similarity between friends. Maps of the friendship networks show clustering of genotypes and, after we apply strict controls for population stratification, the results show that one genotype is positively correlated (homophily) and one genotype is negatively correlated (heterophily). A replication study in an independent sample from the Framingham Heart Study verifies that DRD2 exhibits significant homophily and that CYP2A6 exhibits significant heterophily. These unique results show that homophily and heterophily obtain on a genetic (indeed, an allelic) level, which has implications for the study of population genetics and social behavior. In particular, the results suggest that association tests should include friends' genes and that theories of evolution should take into account the fact that humans might, in some sense, be metagenomic with respect to the humans around them.

PMID: 21245293 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Free Article
Correlated genotypes in friendship networks. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011] - PubMed result

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domingo, 30 de enero de 2011

Using information prescriptions to refer patients ... [J Med Libr Assoc. 2011] - PubMed result



J Med Libr Assoc. 2011 Jan;99(1):70-6.

Using information prescriptions to refer patients with metabolic conditions to the Genetics Home Reference website.
Beaudoin DE, Longo N, Logan RA, Jones JP, Mitchell JA.

denise.beaudoin@hsc.utah.edu Instructor, 26 South 2000 East, Health Sciences Education Building, Suite 5700, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.


Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the reactions of adult patients and parents of children with metabolic conditions to receipt of an "information prescription" (IP) to visit Genetics Home Reference (GHR), a National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine online resource, and evaluate the perceived utility of information found on the site.

METHODS: Patients seen at the University of Utah Metabolic Service Clinic were invited to participate in the study and asked to complete an initial survey to gather demographic data and an online survey six weeks later to obtain information about user experience.

RESULTS: Fifty-three of 82 individuals completed both surveys, for an overall response rate of 64.6%. Most respondents (88.7%) agreed that receiving the IP was a "good idea," and nearly all used the IP to visit GHR. More than three-quarters (79.6%) agreed that information on GHR supplemented a physician's advice; 60.4% reported an improved understanding of a health condition; and 41.5% either looked for or would consider looking for additional information. Eighty-six percent of respondents were satisfied with the information found on GHR, and 80% would recommend the site.

CONCLUSIONS: Use of an IP to direct patients to GHR was well received, and retrieved information was perceived as useful in key areas. The high level of satisfaction with GHR argues for expanded use of the IP approach in this patient population.

PMID: 21243058 [PubMed - in process]PMCID: PMC3016649
Free PMC Article
Using information prescriptions to refer patients ... [J Med Libr Assoc. 2011] - PubMed result

Using information prescriptions to refer patients with metabolic conditions to the Genetics Home Reference website: (full-text)
Using information prescriptions to refer patients with metabolic conditions to the Genetics Home Reference website

Genome-Wide Association Studies of Alcohol Depende... [Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011] - PubMed result



Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]

Genome-Wide Association Studies of Alcohol Dependence and Substance Use Disorders.
Treutlein J, Rietschel M.

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (CIMH), University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany,
jens.treutlein@zi-mannheim.de.


Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) currently represent the most systematic approach to genetic research into complex disorders. They can detect associations of common variants in genomic regions in the absence of an a priori assumption. Most of the GWAS of addiction performed to date have focused on alcohol dependence or smoking behavior. Four GWAS of alcohol dependence have been published thus far, and only two single nucleotide polymorphisms have received modest support of replication in a subsequent study. Many more GWAS have been conducted for smoking behavior. One large, single GWAS and meta-analyses of the phenotype "smoking quantity" have generated convincing evidence for the contribution of variants in genes for cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunits. This article focuses on GWAS of alcohol addiction and provides an overview of GWAS of other substance abuse disorders.

PMID: 21253885 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Alcohol Depende... [Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011] - PubMed result

The Emerging Role of Electronic Medical Records in... [Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011] - PubMed result



Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]

The Emerging Role of Electronic Medical Records in Pharmacogenomics.
Wilke RA, Xu H, Denny JC, Roden DM, Krauss RM, McCarty CA, Davis RL, Skaar T, Lamba J, Savova G.

Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.


Abstract

Health-care information technology and genotyping technology are both advancing rapidly, creating new opportunities for medical and scientific discovery. The convergence of these two technologies is now facilitating genetic association studies of unprecedented size within the context of routine clinical care. As a result, the medical community will soon be presented with a number of novel opportunities to bring functional genomics to the bedside in the area of pharmacotherapy. By linking biological material to comprehensive medical records, large multi-institutional biobanks are now poised to advance the field of pharmacogenomics through three distinct mechanisms: (i) retrospective assessment of previously known findings in a clinical practice-based setting, (ii) discovery of new associations in huge observational cohorts, and (iii) prospective application in a setting capable of providing real-time decision support. This review explores each of these translational mechanisms within a historical framework.

PMID: 21248726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Emerging Role of Electronic Medical Records in... [Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011] - PubMed result