The prevalence of metabolic risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Williams syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Down syndrome: Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability: Vol 41, No 3

The prevalence of metabolic risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Williams syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Down syndrome: Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability: Vol 41, No 3



Journal

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 

Volume 41, 2016 - Issue 3

Original Articles

The prevalence of metabolic risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Williams syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Down syndrome

Marianne Nordstrøm, Benedicte Paus, Kjetil Retterstøl & Svein O. Kolset

Pages 187-196 | Published online: 30 Mar 2016

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• http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2016.1167845
• ABSTRACT

  Background Risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and association with abdominal obesity have not been extensively studied in genetic syndromes associated with intellectual disability.

  Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals aged 20–43 years with Williams syndrome (WS; n = 21), Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS; n = 20), and Down syndrome (DS; n = 31). Established metabolic risk factors of CVD were assessed.

  Results High prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes was seen in the group with PWS, whereas low prevalence rates were found in the group with DS. In the group with WS, we found a high prevalence of hypertension and a trend towards increased risk of type 2 diabetes, combined with better blood lipid profile. Abdominal obesity was prevalent in all 3 subgroups and was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

  Conclusion PWS and WS had increased risk of CVD. In order to prevent CVD in these groups, regular assessments of the known risk factors are recommended.
  KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, abdominal obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes